Understanding Two Essential Aspects of Human Perception

Introduction

In our daily lives, we are continually presented with choices, information, and experiences that require our attention and reflection. In the process of navigating this vast and complex world, two crucial concepts often come into play: judging and discerning. Though these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, their meanings and implications are distinct. Understanding the difference between judging and discerning is essential for developing wisdom, compassion, and a balanced perspective on ourselves and others.

Defining Judging

At its core, judging is the act of forming an opinion or conclusion about someone or something, often in a definitive and sometimes critical manner. Judging can be seen in both positive and negative lights, but it is frequently associated with making assessments that carry an element of finality or condemnation.

• Nature: Judging involves evaluating actions, character, or circumstances and rendering a verdict based on personal standards, beliefs, or societal norms.
• Process: It is often a rapid process, sometimes unconscious, where we draw on our experiences, values, and biases to form conclusions.
• Outcome: Judging tends to label people or situations as “good” or “bad,” “right” or “wrong,” without necessarily considering the complexities or nuances involved.

Judgment is a necessary function in certain situations—such as in a court of law, where a judge must interpret facts and deliver a verdict, or in everyday life when we assess whether a behavior is safe or appropriate. However, problems can arise when judging becomes hasty, harsh, or based on insufficient information.

Common Characteristics of Judging

• Quick to conclusion
• Often inflexible or resistant to new information
• May be based on stereotypes, biases, or assumptions
• Tends to categorize people or events simplistically
• Can lead to exclusion, misunderstanding, or conflict

Defining Discerning

Discernment, on the other hand, refers to the ability to perceive, recognize, and understand subtle differences or qualities. To discern is to separate, to sift, and to distinguish with care. Discernment is rooted in observation, consideration, and wisdom.

• Nature: Discerning involves a thoughtful process aimed at understanding underlying truths or distinctions between things that may appear similar on the surface.
• Process: It requires patience, openness, and a willingness to engage with complexity. Discernment is more deliberate and reflective than judging.
• Outcome: Discernment seeks clarity and insight rather than immediate categorization or condemnation.

In personal development, discernment is regarded as a virtue. It enables individuals to make wise choices, appreciate diversity, and respond to situations with empathy and depth.

Common Characteristics of Discerning

• Slow and thoughtful process
• Open to new information and perspectives
• Aims to understand context and nuance
• Less likely to rely on assumptions or stereotypes
• Encourages inclusivity, understanding, and growth

Comparing Judging and Discerning

Though both judging and discerning involve making decisions or forming opinions, their approaches, motivations, and outcomes are fundamentally different.

Approach

Judging is reactive and often rooted in emotion or pre-existing beliefs. It seeks to sort the world into manageable categories, sometimes at the expense of accuracy or fairness. Discerning, however, is proactive and grounded in careful consideration. It seeks to understand before concluding, appreciating the intricacies of human experience.

Motivation

The motivation behind judging is often to protect oneself, assert control, or reinforce group norms. It can be defensive, designed to maintain a sense of order or superiority. Discernment, by contrast, is motivated by curiosity, wisdom, and the desire to respond appropriately to the truth of a situation.

Outcome

Judging frequently results in rigid opinions, exclusion, and missed opportunities for learning or connection. Discernment, meanwhile, fosters adaptability, compassion, and stronger relationships.

Practical Examples

Judging Example

Imagine encountering a colleague who arrives late to a meeting. Judging might lead you to immediately label them as irresponsible or disrespectful, without considering possible reasons for their tardiness.

Discerning Example

Discernment, in the same scenario, would prompt you to observe the colleague’s behavior over time, perhaps ask gentle questions, or consider external factors that could explain the lateness. It allows you to separate a single incident from a pattern of behavior and to respond with empathy and understanding.

Judging in Society

Societal judgments can manifest as stereotypes or prejudices, where entire groups are categorized based on limited information. This can lead to discrimination, social division, and injustice. Discernment, on the other hand, encourages us to look beyond the surface and challenge our assumptions, promoting fairness and equity.

Benefits of Discernment Over Judging

1. Fosters Growth: Discernment opens the door to learning. By considering new information and perspectives, we expand our understanding of the world and ourselves.

2. Builds Relationships: When we discern rather than judge, we are more likely to approach others with empathy and respect, strengthening our connections.

3. Reduces Conflict: Discernment helps us avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary conflict, as we take the time to understand situations before reacting.

4. Encourages Integrity: Discernment requires honesty with oneself and others, as well as a commitment to truth over convenience.

When Is Judging Appropriate?

It’s important to note that judgment is not inherently negative. It is often necessary to judge, especially when safety, ethics, or legality are concerned. However, even in these cases, applying discernment ensures that judgments are fair, informed, and just.

• In a court setting, a judge must weigh evidence and arrive at a verdict—this is judgment guided by discernment.
• In personal safety, we judge whether a situation is dangerous, but discernment enables us to distinguish between real and perceived threats.

How to Cultivate Discernment

Developing discernment is a lifelong practice. Here are some steps to nurture this virtue:

• Practice Mindfulness: Pay attention to your initial reactions and pause before forming conclusions.
• Seek Understanding: Ask questions and consider multiple perspectives before deciding.
• Reflect on Experience: Learn from situations where you judged hastily. What information did you miss? How could you respond differently next time?
• Embrace Humility: Accept that you don’t know everything. Be open to correction and growth.
• Value Complexity: Recognize that people and situations are rarely black and white. Look for shades of grey and subtleties.

Conclusion

The difference between judging and discerning lies in the quality of attention and intention we bring to our encounters. Judging is quick, categorical, and often closed off to new insights. Discernment is careful, inclusive, and open to learning. By cultivating discernment, we enrich our lives, enhance our relationships, and contribute to a more compassionate and understanding society.

The next time you are faced with a decision—about a person, a situation, or even yourself—try to pause and ask: Am I judging, or am I discerning? In that moment of awareness, you may find the path to wisdom and kindness.

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Norman R. Van Etten